Why Gout Does Not Happen to Most Other Mammals?

Whenever it comes to discussing about gout related issues, one primary topic is, "What causes gout?" Then people will start pointing fingers at the over consumption of high purine foods such as organs meat, sardine, anchovies, mushrooms and the list goes on.

Purine is a natural organic compound exists in all living things. The amount of naturally occurring purines on earth is enormous. Out of four bases found in DNA: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine two of them (adenine and guanine) are forms of purine. Other popular forms of purine are caffeine found in coffee and theobromine (the compound that gives chocolate its bitter taste).

Every day there are millions of body cells die, and this will result in huge amount of DNA being broken down to release those DNA bases. Guanine will go through a process called deamination which break down guanine to xanthine by an enzyme called guanase, then another enzyme, xanthine oxidase will then oxidize xanthine to uric acid.

Uric acid is the final end products of purine degradation in humans and higher apes, but the degradation process goes one step further in most other mammals. There is another enzyme called uricase which further transforms uric acid to allantoin. Does that name sound familiar to you? Allantoin is a popular ingredient found in a wide range of beauty products! Take a look at the ingredients list of some of the facial creams.

Scientists believe that uricase did exist in our ancient ancestors, but somehow along the process of evolution, human lost the ability to produce uricase in the body due to some sort of enzymatic defects. This could be what the factor to that is responsible for all types of gout, primary as well as secondary.

Since purine or uric acid does not occur in excessive amount inside most mammal body, why we, human get a huge surge of uric acid in our blood after consuming the meat from these animals, especially their organs? Why for some gout patients, consumption of just small piece of these meats will suffer the gout attack within hours?

Two major animal organs that contain high concentration of purine are the liver and kidney. This is because that is where the purine degradation process takes place. Huge amount of purines will be carried by the blood to these sites to be broken down to uric acid and then allantoin which will eventually get out from its body through the urine of feces.

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